绵羊毛囊及其角蛋白研究进展

毛囊是毛纤维的生长基础,决定毛纤维的性状,角蛋白是毛囊组成的重要成分之一。近年来,对毛囊生长发育和角蛋白基因的挖掘等取得了一定的进展。文章回顾了绵羊角蛋白基因的发现,已经与人类角蛋白基因相当,但在数量和分类上存在差异;笔者介绍了绵羊毛囊的形态学结构,简述了毛囊角蛋白基因的表达定位和影响毛纤维性状的角蛋白,并分析了毛囊中的蛋白质组学技术的应用对毛囊生长发育和毛纤维性状的重要作用,以期为绵羊毛囊生长发育和羊毛性状的分子选育提供新的研究思路。     

鸡Perilipin1基因的克隆及亚细胞定位

本研究旨在克隆鸡(Gallus gallus)脂滴包被蛋白基因(Perilipin1)的cDNA序列,并检测其在鸡前脂肪细胞分化过程中的亚细胞定位.本研究以7周龄肉鸡腹部脂肪组织为材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE的方法扩增并克隆了鸡Perilipin1基因的5'UTR、CDS和3'UTR片段,分析了该基因的结构;以鸡原代前脂肪细胞为材料,利用免疫荧光及激光共聚焦技术,在诱导分化的不同时间点(12～120 h),检测了鸡Perilipin1在前脂肪细胞中的表达位置.结果表明,本研究获得的鸡Perilipin11基因5'UTR、CDS和YUTR序列总长度为2 379 bp,该基因由9个外最子、8个内含子组成(ATG位于第二外显子上);在鸡原代前脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中,Perilipin1始终包被在脂滴周围.综上,本研究成功克隆了鸡Perilipinl基因的完整cDNA序列并确定了Perilipin1在鸡前脂肪细胞分化过程中与脂滴的空间位置关系,该结果为深入开展鸡Perilipinl基因的功能研究,揭示鸡脂肪代谢的分子遗传机理提供了重要的理论依据.     

Physiological processes associated with salinity tolerance in an alfalfa half‐sib family

We previously reported an alfalfa half‐sib family, HS‐B, with improved salt tolerance, compared to parental plants, P‐B. In this study, we conducted additional experiments to address potential physiological mechanisms that may contribute to salt tolerance in HS‐B. Vegetatively propagated HS‐B and P‐B plants were treated with a nutrient solution (control) or a nutrient solution containing NaCl (EC = 12 dS/m). Shoots and roots were harvested at various time points after treatment for quantification of proline, soluble sugar, and H₂O₂ using spectrophotometers. Subcellular localization and quantification of Na in roots were conducted using a Na⁺‐specific dye under a confocal microscope. HS‐B produced 86 and 89% greater shoot and root dry biomass, respectively, compared to parental plants, P‐B, under salinity in the greenhouse. Under saline conditions the HS‐B shoots accumulated 115% and roots 55% more soluble sugars than P‐B counterparts. The non‐saline HS‐B shoots, however, showed 72% less soluble sugars than the non‐saline P‐B plants. Under saline conditions HS‐B accumulated 39% less proline in shoots, while roots accumulated 56% more proline, compared to their P‐B parents. HS‐B plants also showed a greater reduction of stomatal conductance under mild saline stress. HS‐B shoots and roots contained 3–4 times less reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂) after salt treatment compared to P‐B plants. Sodium localization and distribution analysis using Na⁺‐specific dye revealed HS‐B plants accumulated 88% and 48% less Na⁺ in stele and xylem vessels compared to P‐B. The study provides insights into the potential mechanisms that may contribute to salt tolerance in HS‐B: maintaining RWC by accumulating soluble sugars while reducing transpiration, maintaining healthy status by reducing oxidative stresses, and preventing salt toxicity by reducing accumulation of Na⁺ inside root cells and xylem.     

间接免疫荧光染色检测鸭源副黏病毒及在鸭体内的抗原定位

以抗新城疫病毒F蛋白的单克隆抗体为一抗,建立了间接免疫荧光染色法(IFA)检测石蜡切片中鸭副黏病毒(DPMV)的方法。以建立的IFA对DPMV人工感染鸭的各组织器官进行检测,结果显示:各组织器官均能检测到DPMV,但不同时间取样,阳性信号分布的器官不同。脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肠道、肝脏、肺脏DPMV的阳性检出率较高,表明这些器官为DPMV的主要靶器官。在所检测的阳性组织中,病毒抗原分布在细胞浆中。IFA检测石蜡切片中的DPMV具有直观、特异性强的优点,是对DPMV进行检测和抗原定位的良好方法。     

高羊茅光周期调控基因FaCONSTANS亚细胞定位与差异表达分析

构建高羊茅光周期调控基因FaCONSTANS与绿色荧光蛋白基因GFP融合的植物表达载体P-FaCONSTA NS-hGFP,基因枪转化法转入洋葱表皮细胞,荧光显微镜检测融合基因的瞬时表达.并运用实时荧光定量PCR研究光周期调控基因FaCONSTANS在长日照与短日照条件下昼夜24 h的表达差异.结果表明:FaCONST...     

黄瓜低霜霉威残留性相关基因SDH克隆及表达

通过Solexa技术和比较基因组学方法鉴定霜霉威胁迫下黄瓜果实差异表达基因,筛选黄瓜低霜霉威残留性相关基因SDH。研究利用PCR克隆获得SDH基因全长,命名为Cs SDH。构建亚细胞定位表达载体,利用农杆菌浸润法注射烟草叶片后激光共聚焦显微镜下观察;分别用荧光定量RT-PCR方法和酶联免疫法研究高、低农残品系D9320和D0351中Cs SDH基因在农药霜霉威处理后,不同时间点、不同组织部位时空表达特征和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性。结果表明,Cs SDH基因在烟草叶片细胞中被定位在细胞膜上。黄瓜低农残品种D0351中,Cs SDH基因在果实受霜霉威胁迫后反应迅速,主要在处理前期响应表达强烈,琥珀酸脱氢酶活性显著增加,且该基因表达量显著高于其在高农残品种D9320中表达量。Cs SDH果、叶中表达量较茎中高,且各组织部位表达量高低顺序稳定,为叶果茎。黄瓜高农残品种D9320中,Cs SDH基因表达量在0.5、1、3、12 h呈现上调表达,6、9 h基因表达量差异不显著,48 h出现上调表达高峰。说明克隆得到的Cs SDH基因属农药处理前期响应基因,且该基因可能在降低黄瓜农药残留过程中发挥重要作用。试验通过研究黄瓜琥珀酸脱氢酶基因(SDH)在霜霉威胁迫下表达情况,为挖掘黄瓜低农药残留性功能基因以及探明其作用分子机制奠定基础。     

植物蛋白质的亚细胞定位研究进展

细胞是生命形式的基本组成单元,各种蛋白质按照其功能有序地分布在细胞的每个分区中。植物细胞的主要分区包括细胞膜和其他内膜系统、细胞核、细胞质以及位于其中的线粒体、叶绿体、高尔基体和内质网等各种细胞器。植物蛋白质的亚细胞定位是功能基因组学的重要内容。主要的植物蛋白质亚细胞定位技术包括:融合报告基因定位法、免疫组织化学定位法、蛋白质组学定位技术以及共分离标记酶辅助定位法,而生物信息学预测也成为亚细胞定位研究的一种重要手段。高通量蛋白质亚细胞定位技术的发展和应用,为构建定位数据库积累了数据。在模式植物拟南芥中,有亚细胞定位信息的蛋白质已经超过4 000个。     

Analysis on the Constructor Associations Localization

Along with the establishment of the constructor association,how to locate the constructor association is extremely important at present,which is not only related to the efficiency of the constructor trade management,but also related to the future development of the constructor trade.This paper launches the discussion on the constructor association's localization from three aspects,namely the legal localization,the profession localization and the relation localization with the government and its members,and puts forward some proposals and individual opinions.     

Genetic Analysis of Chromosome 2D of Wheat

The Yugoslavian varieties ‘Novosadska Rana 1’ and ‘Sava’ are shown by monosomic comparisons to carry weak height promoters on chromosome 2D characteristic of the ‘Akakomugi’ gene for reduced height, Rht8. Reciprocal monosomic crosses between ‘Bersee’ and ‘Sava’ demonstrate ‘Sava’ chromosome 2D reduces height by about 16 cms, accelerates ear emergence by about 9 days and increases yield through increased grain number and grain size. Recombinant lines developed for chromosome 2D suggest that this chromosome in Mediterranean wheats carries three genes, Rht8, Ppd1 and Yr16, important to their adaptation. Rht8 and Ppd1, a gene for day length insensitivity together reduce height. Ppd1 and, to a minor degree, either yr16, the susceptible allele of a gene for adult plant resistance to yellow rust or a closely linked gene, accelerate time to flowering and thereby avoid desiccating Yugoslavian summer conditions. The same genes reduce spikelets numbers but this is offset by increased floret fertility producing an overall increase in the number of grains per ear. Ppd1 also by avoiding desiccating conditions increases gram size and together with either yr16 or the closely linked fertility gene increases ear and plant yields.     

Maternal and embryonal control of seed colour by different Brassica alboglabra chromosomes

Most oilseed rape, Brassica napus, cultivars are black‐seeded. The progenitor species, Brassica rapa, has either yellow or black seeds, while known cultivars of the other progenitor species Brassica oleracea/alboglabra have black seeds. To determine which chromosomes of B. alboglabra are carriers of seed colour genes, B. rapaalboglabra monosomic addition lines were produced from a B. napus resynthesized from yellow‐seeded B. rapa and brown/black‐seeded B. alboglabra. Eight out of nine possible lines have been developed and transmission frequencies of the alien chromosomes were estimated. Three B. alboglabra chromosomes in three of these lines influenced seed colour. B. rapa plants carrying alien chromosome 1 exhibited a maternal control of seed colour and produced only brown seeds, which gave rise to plants with either yellow or brown seeds. However, B. rapa plants carrying alien chromosome 4 or another as yet unidentified alien chromosome exhibited an embryonal control of seed colour and produced a mixture of yellow and brown seeds. The yellow seeds gave rise to yellow‐seeded plants, while the brown seeds gave rise to plants that yielded a mixture of yellow and brown seeds, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of the B. alboglabra chromosome. Consequently, both maternal and embryonal control of seed colour are expected to contribute to the black‐seeded phenotype of oilseed rape.